Suav painting hu ua dab tsi?

Suav painting, hu ua guóhuà (国画) nyob rau hauv Mandarin, yog ib txwm kos duab daim ntawv uas muaj keeb kwm spans ntau txhiab xyoo. Nws yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov kev coj noj coj ua qub tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, nrog rau nws cov keeb kwm rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm prehistoric. Suav painting yog renowned rau nws cov cim thiab ntau haiv neeg, cov tswv yim, thiab cov kev kawm, uas tau cuam tshuam thiab txhawb cov neeg ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm Tuam Tshoj.

Keeb kwm ntawm Suav Painting

Keeb kwm ntawm Suav painting tuaj yeem taug qab rov qab mus rau Neolithic Age, qhov chaw thaum ntxov ntawm kev kos duab tau pom nyob rau hauv cov tais diav thiab pob zeb carvings. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog lub sijhawm Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) uas suav cov duab kos pib tsim los ua ib daim duab kos duab sib txawv.

Lub sijhawm no, cov tswv yim thiab cov qauv ntawm Suav painting tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kos duab kev cai dab qhuas thiab kev taw qhia ntawm calligraphy. Kev kos duab kev cai dab qhuas coj cov ntsiab lus tshiab thiab cov ntsiab lus, xws li cov duab kev cai dab qhuas thiab cov duab kos duab ntawm cov vaj lug kub. Calligraphy, ntawm qhov tod tes, cuam tshuam rau txoj hauv kev Suav cov kws kos duab mus txog kev txhuam hniav thiab siv cov kab hauv lawv cov duab.

Txawv hom ntawm Suav Painting

Suav painting encompasses ib tug ntau yam ntawm yeej, txhua tus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab cov tswv yim. Qee qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog:

1. Gongbi (工笔): Gongbi painting yog ib qho kev ua kom zoo thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws uas tsom mus rau kev txhuam txhuam thiab cov ntsiab lus meej. Nws feem ntau nta cov ntsiab lus zoo nkauj thiab ua kom zoo nkauj, xws li cov paj ilv, hnav khaub ncaws zoo nkauj, thiab cov toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj. Cov style no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog tsev hais plaub cov kws ua yeeb yam thiab cov thawj coj muaj koob muaj npe.

2. Shuimohua (水墨画): Shuimohua, tseem hu ua ink wash painting, yog ib qho style uas siv ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov xim dub los tsim kom muaj kev nkag siab ntawm qhov tob thiab kev ntxhib los mos. Nws qhia txog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm tus cwj mem thiab dej, nrog rau lub ntuj ntws ntawm cov txhuam hniav. Cov style no feem ntau txuam nrog cov toj roob hauv pes, tsiaj txhu, thiab calligraphic ntsiab.

3. Xiey (写意): Xieyi, uas txhais tau tias "sketching lub tswv yim," yog ib tug ntau nthuav thiab dawb-daim style ntawm Suav painting. Nws tsom ntsoov rau kev ntes tus ntsuj plig lossis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis yog cov ntsiab lus meej. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam siv cov style no feem ntau siv cov txhuam txhuam thiab cov khoom siv me me los qhia cov kev xav thiab ua rau muaj kev xav ntawm tus kheej.

4. Noog-thiab-Flower Painting (花鸟画): Raws li lub npe qhia, kev kos duab noog-thiab-paj tsom tsom rau kev piav qhia cov noog thiab paj nyob rau hauv ib tug naturalistic yam. Hom kev kos duab Suav no, uas tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD), feem ntau muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm gongbi thiab shuimohua styles los tsim cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab zoo li lub neej ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu.

Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

Suav painting siv ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab cov tswv yim kom ua tiav nws cov aesthetic zoo. Cov khoom siv feem ntau muaj xws li:

1. Xuan Ntawv (宣纸): Xuan daim ntawv, ua los ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo sandalwood, yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev kos duab hauv Suav. Daim ntawv sib sib zog nqus thiab nqus dej no muab lub ntsej muag zoo tagnrho rau tus cwj mem thiab txhuam hniav. Nws yog lub npe hu rau nws cov kav ntev thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kev sim ntawm lub sijhawm.

2. Ink (墨): Ink, ua los ntawm soot ntawm hlawv ntoo thuv resin, yog ib qho tseem ceeb nruab nrab ntawm Suav painting. Nws tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom ntawv xws li number case sticks, inkstones, thiab kua number case. Cov kws ua yeeb yaj kiab zom cov ntawv nplaum ntawm inkstones thiab dilute cov xim uas tshwm sim nrog dej los tsim cov xim sib txawv thiab cov suab nrov.

3. Txhuam (笔): Suav painting txhuam tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Cov txhuam hniav feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov tsiaj plaub hau, xws li tshis, hma, los yog luav plaub hau. Cov txhuam hniav sib txawv yog siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj - piv txwv li, ib qho txhuam me me nrog cov lus taw qhia rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev ua haujlwm thiab txhuam loj nrog lub ntsej muag dav rau kev tsim kom muaj zog strokes thiab ntxuav.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv no, cov txheej txheem kev kos duab suav suav suav nrog:

1. Moistening (zeeg): Moistening yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntxiv dej rau tus number case los tsim ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo thiab siv. Los ntawm kev kho cov dej noo, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem ua tiav cov teebmeem sib txawv, los ntawm lub teeb thiab mos ntxuav kom tob thiab nplua nuj tones.

2. Dry Brush (干笔): Cov txheej txheem txhuam hniav qhuav yog siv cov txhuam hniav kom qhuav los tsim cov tawv nqaij tawv nqaij. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau siv los piav txog cov ntsiab lus xws li ntoo tawv ntoo, pob zeb, lossis plaub.

3. Ntxuam-Painting (把象画法): Ntxuam-painting yog txheej txheem uas tus kws kos duab siv lub kiv cua folded ua ib daim ntaub. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau muaj tseeb thiab kev tswj hwm vim qhov chaw txwv tsis pub muaj.

Qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev cuam tshuam

Suav painting tuav cov kev coj noj coj ua thiab keeb kwm muaj nuj nqis, vim nws qhia txog kev zoo nkauj, kev xav, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm Suav haiv neeg thoob plaws lub sijhawm sib txawv. Nws tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau ntau hom kev kos duab thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog Japanese thiab Kauslim painting.

Kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov duab suav suav hais txog lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib npaug thiab kev sib haum xeeb, kev sib txuas ntawm tib neeg thiab xwm txheej, thiab kev qhia txog kev xav los ntawm kev txhuam thiab kev sib xyaw. Suav paintings feem ntau piav txog cov toj roob hauv pes, noog, paj, thiab cov duab, nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntes cov ntsiab lus es tsis yog qhov tseeb.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Suav painting tau txais kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev txaus siab. Nws tau raug nthuav tawm hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej thiab cov chaw ua yeeb yam thoob ntiaj teb, qhia cov neeg tuaj saib txog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm daim duab kos duab no.

Xaus

Suav painting, hu ua guóhuà, encompasses ib tug nplua nuj thiab ntau yam artistic kev lig kev cai uas tau hloov zuj zuj ntau txhiab xyoo. Nws cov cwj pwm txawv, cov txheej txheem, thiab cov ncauj lus qhia txog kev coj noj coj ua thiab keeb kwm ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Suav painting txuas ntxiv mus rau captivate thiab txhawb cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab cov neeg nyiam kos duab thoob ntiaj teb, qhia txog kev zoo nkauj thiab qhov tob ntawm daim duab kos duab qub.